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1.
Revagog ; 3(3): 88-103, Jul-Sept. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1344264

ABSTRACT

Describe los planteamientos sobre el beneficio de la terapia de reemplazo hormonal en las mujeres en la menopausia y el riesgo de contraer cáncer de mama con el uso prolongado del mismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Menopause/drug effects , Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Estradiol/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Hormone Replacement Therapy/classification
2.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 45(1): 118-136, ene.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093629

ABSTRACT

Estudios recientes han sugerido que los estímulos mecánicos (vibraciones) de alta frecuencia y baja magnitud pueden ejercer un efecto positivo sobre la morfología ósea y beneficiar su cantidad y calidad. La plataforma vibratoria es una máquina popular que se introdujo en la última década como una nueva promesa contra el tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Actualmente, en el mundo hay más de 200 millones de mujeres posmenopáusicas que sufren osteoporosis. Esta enfermedad es una de las más comunes y costosas de la salud pública. El ejercicio físico complementado con el tratamiento vibratorio puede que sea considerado como una estrategia efectiva para la prevención y tratamiento de la osteoporosis posmenopáusica. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de cuestiones significativas relacionadas con la terapia con la plataforma vibratoria para la prevención y tratamiento de la osteoporosis en mujeres postmenopáusicas. El objetivo de esta revisión ha sido conocer los últimos avances de entrenamiento con plataformas vibratorias para la mejoría de la masa ósea en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Existe una gran discrepancia respecto al uso de estas como tratamiento osteoporósico, uso de diferentes tipos de plataformas, distintas frecuencias, amplitud, aceleración o duración del tratamiento. La escasa literatura estableció que la plataforma vibratoria Galileo es la que más se utiliza en dicha población, pero se necesitan más intervenciones para concretar los beneficios y daños de este tratamiento en mujeres postmenopáusicas(AU)


Recent studies have suggested that mechanical stimuli (vibrations) of high frequency and low magnitude can exert a positive effect on bone morphology and benefit quantity and quality. The vibrating platform is a popular machine introduced in the last decade as a new promise against the treatment of osteoporosis. Currently, there are more than 200 million postmenopausal women in the world suffering from osteoporosis. This disease is one of the most common and expensive in public health. Physical exercise supplemented with vibrational treatment may be considered an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review offers an overview of significant issues related to therapy with the vibration platform for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The objective of this review is to know the latest advances in vibratory platforms training for the improvement of bone mass in postmenopausal women. There is a great discrepancy regarding the use of vibratory platforms as osteoporosis treatment, the use of different types of platforms, different frequencies, amplitude, acceleration or duration of treatment. The limited literature established that Galileo vibration platform is the most used in this population, but more interventions are needed to grasp the benefits and harms of this treatment in postmenopausal women(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vibration/therapeutic use , Bone Density/physiology , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/therapy
3.
Rev. med. Rosario ; 84(1): 22-25, ene.-abr. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-973330

ABSTRACT

Una paciente con osteoporosis había sido tratada por 4 años con ibandronato oral, luego por 1 año con ranelato de estroncio, y finalmente por 4 años con denosumab. En vista de la buena respuesta densitométrica este fármaco fue suspendido a fines de 2015. A los 14 meses la enferma tuvo lumbalgia aguda y se detectó hundimiento del platillo superior de L1, a lo que siguieron en rápida sucesión iguales lesiones en L2 y L3, y acuñamiento de D11 y D12. Se descartaron causas de osteoporosis secundaria. El plan terapéutico incluye corsé ortopédico, analgésicos, y teriparatida. En los dos últimos años se han publicado varios casos de este síndrome.


A patient with osteoporosis had been treated for 4 years with oral ibandronate, then for 1 year with strontium ranelate, and finally for 4 years with denosumab. In view of the good densitometric response to the latter, the drug was discontinued in December 2015. Fourteen months later the patient had acute low back pain; crushing of the upper plate of L1 was detected, followed by similar lesions in L2 and L3, and wedging of D11 and D12. Causes of secondary osteoporosis were ruled out. The therapeutic strategy includes a corset, analgesics, and teriparatide. In the last two years several cases of this syndrome have been reported.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antibodies, Monoclonal/drug effects , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/prevention & control , Osteoprotegerin , Osteoprotegerin/drug effects , Treatment Outcome
4.
Actual. osteol ; 14(1): 10-21, Ene - Abr. 2018. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116424

ABSTRACT

La suplementación con calcio reduciría, sola o asociada a otra medicación para osteoporosis, la pérdida de masa ósea y el riesgo de fracturas. Sin embargo, su tasa de adherencia es baja debido a la poca tolerancia. Objetivo: comparar la tasa de absorción neta de calcio entre dos formulaciones distintas de carbonato de calcio (500 mg): comprimidos vs. mousse. Material y métodos: 11 pruebas fueron realizadas en mujeres posmenopáusicas de 58,9±3 años. El diseño fue exploratorio abierto, aleatorizado, prospectivo cruzado de fase 4. Intervención: las participantes fueron aleatorizadas en dos grupos para recibir las dos formulaciones previa suplementación con vitamina D3. La tasa de absorción neta de calcio fue estudiada por la prueba de inhibición de hormona paratiroidea (PTH). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre: basal y en la 1a, 2a y 3a hora posadministración del calcio asignado, y de orina de 2 horas basal y al final de la prueba. Determinaciones bioquímicas: calcio, fósforo, albúmina, 25-hidroxivitamina D y hormona paratiroidea intacta y calciuria. Análisis estadístico: método de los trapecios para calcular el área bajo la curva (AUC) de la concentración de calcio en el tiempo (R Development Core Team (2008). http://www.Rp-project.org) y Anova con dos términos de error para evaluar el efecto secuencia, período y formulación. Resultados: la mayor inhibición de PTH se observó a dos horas de la toma de ambas formulaciones (comprimidos -39,2% vs. mousse -38,0%; p=ns), con similar AUC0-3 h (comprimidos 3,35; IC 95%: 3,32; 3,37 vs. mousse 3,36; IC 95%: 3,33; 3,38). Cuando analizamos tolerancia y preferencias no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas formulaciones. Conclusión: el carbonato de calcio en mousse mostró similar tasa de absorción intestinal, preferencia y tolerancia gastrointestinal que en comprimido. (AU)


Calcium supplementation, administered alone or in combination with a specific medication for osteoporosis, would reduce bone mass loss and fracture risk in postmenopausal women. However, the adherence rate to calcium supplements is low, mainly due to low tolerance. Objective: comparisson of net calcium absorption rate between two different pharmaceutical formulations of calcium carbonate (PFCa) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: 11 tests were performed in postmenopausal women aged 58.9±3 yrs. Design: Comparative, randomized, prospective, open-label exploratory crossover study of calcium mousse versus calcium pills. Intervention: Participants were randomized in 2 groups to receive the 2 different PFCa (500mg): pills vs. mousse, with previous vitamin D3 supplementation. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibition test and the area-under-thecurve (AUC) of calcium were analyzed. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 1, 2 and 3 hrs after intake of the assigned PFCa. Urine samples (2hs) were obtained at -baseline, after 2hs of PFCa intake and at the end of the test. Biochemical Determinations: Serum: calcium, phosphorus, albumin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and intact PTH. In urine: calcium. Statistical Analysis: The trapezoid rule was applied to assess AUC in time (R Development Core Team (2008). http://www.Rp-project.org). An ANOVA model with 2 error terms was used to assess the effect of sequence, period, and formulation. Results: The highest inhibition PTH rates were observed after 2 hrs of PFCa (pills -39.2% vs. mousse -38.0%; p=ns). The AUC0-3hrs for both PFCa was similar (pills 3.35; 95%CI: 3.32; 3.37 vs. mousse 3.36; 95%CI: 3.33; 3.38). No statistically significant differences were observed when we analyze tolerance and predilection. Conclusion: The calcium carbonate in mousse showed an adequate rate of intestinal absorption, similarly predilection and gastrointestinal tolerance than the pill presentation. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Calcium Carbonate/pharmacokinetics , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Calcium/pharmacokinetics , Parathyroid Hormone/analysis , Achlorhydria , Calcitriol/pharmacokinetics , Calcium Carbonate/administration & dosage , Calcium Carbonate/therapeutic use , Body Mass Index , Bone Density , Nutrition Assessment , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diet therapy , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Mass Screening , Calcium/deficiency , Postmenopause/drug effects , Postmenopause/blood , Cholecalciferol/administration & dosage , Cholecalciferol/adverse effects , Cross-Over Studies , Calcium Citrate/therapeutic use , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Estrogens/deficiency , Gastrointestinal Absorption/drug effects , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Anabolic Agents/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 16(4): 527-539, jul.-ago. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-901746

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En mujeres postmenopáusicas el bajo peso y la obesidad son factores de riesgo para la Osteoporosis; sin embargo, está por definir la influencia de su cambio en la respuesta terapéutica con bisfosfonatos para la prevención de la fractura. Objetivo: Describir asociación entre índice de masa corporal (IMC) y masa ósea en mujeres en post menopausia, así como identificar las variaciones en peso e IMC durante el tratamiento con bisfosfonatos. Material y Métodos: En 296 mujeres quienes entre 2009-2014 concurrieron consecutivamente a la Clínica de Climaterio y Osteoporosis (ClimOS) La Habana (n=103), y al Departamento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Óseas de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid (n=193) se determinó peso, talla, IMC, y mediante DXA la densidad mineral ósea en columna lumbar y cadera. En 80 de ellas se evaluó la influencia del peso corporal inicial y su variación temporal durante el uso de bisfosfonatos. Análisis estadístico: Promedio y desviación estándar para variables cuantitativas, frecuencias para las variables cualitativas y las Pruebas T Students y X2 para diferencias entre ellas. Correlación de Pearson para precisar influencia del peso inicial y el IMC y su diferencia en la respuesta a los bisfosfonatos. Se utilizó valor p<0,05 para la significación estadística. Resultados: Bajo peso se identificó 4/296, más de la mitad presentaron sobrepeso/obesidad. Las mujeres evaluadas en la ClimOs presentaron peor estatus óseo en cadera. No se encontró asociación del peso corporal ni del IMC sobre la respuesta al tratamiento con BPS. Conclusiones: La influencia del peso corporal sobre una nueva fractura fue controversial, se sugiere incluir la variación ponderal como parte del tratamiento para la osteoporosis(AU)


Introduction: Low weight and obesity are risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women; however, the influence of its change on a therapeutic response to biophosphonates for the prevention of fractures has not been defined yet. Objective:To describe the association between the body mass index (BMI) and bone mass in postmenopausal women, as well as to identify changes in weight and BMI during the treatment with biophosphonates. Material and methods: Weight, height, and BMI was determined in 296 women who came consecutively to the Climateric and Osteoporosis Clinic (ClimOS) in Havana from 2009 to 2014 (n=103), and to the Department of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid (n=193); also, bone mineral density in lumbar spine and hip was measured by DXA. The influence of initial body weight and its temporal variation with the use of biophosphonates (BPS) was evaluated in 80 of them. Statistical analysis: standard statistical average for qualitative variables, frequencies for the qualitative variables, Student´s t-Tests, and X2 test for differences among them. Pearson´s correlation to specify the influence of the initial weight and BMI, and their differences in the response to biophosphonates. Besides, p<0,05 value was used for statistical significance. Results:Low weight was identified 4/296; more than half of them were overweight or obese. Women who were evaluated in ClimOs, presented a worse bone status on the hip. Neither association of body weight nor BMI was found on the response to treatment with (BPS). Conclusions: The influence of body weight on a new fracture was controversial; it is suggested to include ponderal variation as part of the treatment for osteoporosis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Menopause , Body Mass Index , Bone Density/physiology , Absorptiometry, Photon/methods , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Epidemiology, Descriptive
6.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 57(supl.2): s452-s466, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899485

ABSTRACT

Abstract Osteoporosis is the leading cause of fractures in the population older than 50 years. This silent disease affects primarily postmenopausal women and the elderly, and the morbidity and mortality rates are high. The main goal of treating osteoporosis is the prevention of fractures. The identification of populations at risk through early diagnosis and treatment is essential. The last Brazilian guideline for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was elaborated in 2002. Since then, new strategies for diagnosis and risk stratification have been developed, and drugs with novel action mechanisms have been added to the therapeutic arsenal. The Osteoporosis and Osteometabolic Diseases Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology, in conjunction with the Brazilian Medical Association and other Societies, has developed this update of the guidelines for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis according to the best scientific evidence available. This update is intended for professionals in many medical and health specialties involved in the treatment of osteoporosis, for physicians in general and for health-related organizations.


Resumo A osteoporose é a principal causa de fraturas na população acima de 50 anos. É uma doença silenciosa que afeta especialmente as mulheres na pós-menopausa e idosos e tem elevada taxa de morbimortalidade. O principal objetivo do tratamento da osteoporose é a prevenção das fraturas. A identificação dessa população de risco através do diagnóstico e tratamento precoces é de fundamental importância. A última diretriz brasileira para tratamento da osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa foi elaborada em 2002. Desde então foram desenvolvidas novas estratégias de diagnóstico da osteoporose, bem como fármacos com novos mecanismos de ação foram adicionados ao arsenal terapêutico. A Comissão de Osteoporose e Doenças Osteometabólicas da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia em conjunto com a Associação Médica Brasileira e sociedades afins desenvolveu esta atualização da diretriz do tratamento da osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa de acordo com as melhores evidências científicas disponíveis. Esta atualização é destinada aos profissionais das várias especialidades médicas e da área da saúde envolvidos no tratamento da osteoporose, médicos em geral e organizações relacionadas à saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnosis , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/therapy , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Rheumatology , Societies, Medical , Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Brazil , Exercise , Absorptiometry, Photon , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Middle Aged
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 75(3): 155-158, June 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-757096

ABSTRACT

Identificar pacientes con alto riesgo de fractura utilizando factores de riesgo clínicos podría reducir los gastos en salud derivados de la realización de una densitometría ósea. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el score de FRAX sin determinación de densidad mineral ósea (DMO) con los criterios propuestos por la Sociedad Argentina de Osteoporosis (SAO), para considerar el inicio de tratamiento antirresortivo. Realizamos un estudio observacional, transversal. Se incluyeron 330 mujeres postmenopáusicas entre 40 y 90 años de edad. Se determinó la cantidad de tratamientos indicados según se utilice la herramienta FRAX sin DMO, o los criterios de la SAO. Utilizando los criterios de la SAO, 85 (25.8%) pacientes recibirían tratamiento, mientras que si se utilizara la herramienta FRAX sin DMO, lo harían 15 (4.5%) pacientes (p = 0.0019). De los 67 pacientes con diagnóstico de osteoporosis por densitometría ósea, todas recibirían tratamiento utilizando los criterios de la SAO y solo 10 (15%) lo harían si utilizáramos el score de FRAX sin DMO (p = 0.011). La utilización del score de FRAX sin DMO reduce en forma significativa la cantidad de pacientes tratables en comparación con los criterios actuales de la SAO. En pacientes con diagnóstico de osteoporosis por DMO, el score de FRAX subestima los pacientes a tratar.


To identify patients at high risk of fracture using clinical risk factors could reduce health costs arising from the realization of a bone densitometry. The aim of this study was to compare the FRAX score without bone mineral density (BMD) with the criteria proposed by the Argentine Society of Osteoporosis (SAO) to consider starting antiresorptive treatment. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study where 330 postmenopausal women between 40 and 90 years of age were included. The number of treatments given if the FRAX tool without BMD had been followed was compared with the number of treatments indicated using the SAO criteria. Using the SAO criteria, 85 (25.8%) patients would initiate antiresorptive treatment compared with 15 (4.5%) using the FRAX without BMD (p = 0.0019). Among the 67 patients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis by BMD determination, all of them (100%) would have received treatment by using the SAO criteria compared with 10 (15%) using the FRAX score (p = 0.011). The use of FRAX without BMD significantly underestimates the number of patients who should receive antiresorptive treatment. In patients diagnosed with osteoporosis by BMD, the FRAX score underestimates the number of patients to be treated.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Bone Density , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Absorptiometry, Photon , Argentina , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/etiology , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal , Risk Assessment , Sensitivity and Specificity , Societies, Medical
8.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(5): 514-522, 07/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719201

ABSTRACT

Physical exercise is an important stimulus for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, it is not clear yet which modality would be better to stimulate bone metabolism and enhance physical function of postmenopausal women. This review paper aims to summarize and update present knowledge on the effects of different kinds of aquatic and ground physical exercises on bone metabolism and physical function of postmenopausal women. Moderate to intense exercises, performed in a high speed during short intervals of time, in water or on the ground, can be part of a program to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mechanical vibration has proven to be beneficial for bone microarchitecture, improving bone density and bone strength, as well as increasing physical function. Although impact exercises are recognized as beneficial for the stimulation of bone tissue, other variables such as muscle strength, type of muscle contraction, duration and intensity of exercises are also determinants to induce changes in bone metabolism of postmenopausal women. Not only osteoanabolic exercises should be recommended; activities aimed to develop muscle strength and body balance and improve the proprioception should be encouraged to prevent falls and fractures.


O exercício físico é um estímulo muito importante para o tratamento da osteoporose. Contudo, ainda não está claro qual modalidade seria melhor para estimular o metabolismo ósseo e melhorar a função física de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Este trabalho visa resumir e atualizar os principais achados sobre os efeitos de diferentes tipos de exercícios aquáticos e de solo para a função física e metabolismo ósseo de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Exercícios moderados a intensos, executados em alta velocidade durante intervalos de tempo curtos, na água ou em solo, podem fazer parte de um programa para prevenir e tratar a osteoporose na pós-menopausa. A vibração mecânica se mostrou benéfica para a microarquitetura óssea, aumentando a densidade e a resistência ósseas, bem como melhorando a função física. Apesar de os exercícios de impacto serem  adequados para a estimulação do tecido ósseo, outras variáveis, como força muscular, tipo de contração, duração e intensidade dos exercícios, também são determinantes para induzir mudanças no metabolismo ósseo de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Além da ação sobre o osso, outras atividades que visem aumentar a força muscular e melhorar a propriocepção e o equilíbrio corporal também devem ser encorajadas para a prevenção de quedas e fraturas.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Exercise , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/therapy , Bone Density/physiology , Databases, Bibliographic , Menopause/physiology , Motor Activity/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Resistance Training , Swimming , Vibration/therapeutic use , Walking
9.
Clinics ; 68(10): 1338-1343, out. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689985

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Accelerated bone loss that occurs in postmenopausal women has been linked to oxidative stress and increased free radicals. We propose the use of antioxidants to prevent and reverse postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of tocotrienol, a vitamin E analog, on bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. Our previous study showed that tocotrienol increased the trabecular bone volume and trabecular number in ovariectomized rats. In the current study, we investigated the effects of tocotrienol supplementation on various biochemical parameters in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The baseline group was sacrificed at the start of the study, and another group was sham operated. The remaining rats were ovariectomized and either given olive oil as a vehicle or treated with tocotrienol at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight. After four weeks of treatment, blood was withdrawn for the measurement of interleukin-1 (IL1) and interleukin-6 (IL6) (bone resorbing cytokines), serum osteocalcin (a bone formation marker) and pyridinoline (a bone resorption marker). RESULTS: Tocotrienol supplementation in ovariectomized rats significantly reduced the levels of osteocalcin, IL1 and IL6. However, it did not alter the serum pyridinoline level. CONCLUSION: Tocotrienol prevented osteoporotic bone loss by reducing the high bone turnover rate associated with estrogen deficiency. Therefore, tocotrienol has the potential to be used as an anti-osteoporotic agent in postmenopausal women. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Rats , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Tocotrienols/therapeutic use , Amino Acids/blood , Body Weight , Biomarkers/blood , Bone Resorption/drug therapy , Bone Resorption/prevention & control , Eating , Interleukin-1/blood , /blood , Ovariectomy , Osteocalcin/blood , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
10.
Femina ; 40(4)jul.-ago. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668406

ABSTRACT

A osteoporose é uma doença que pode acarretar um enorme prejuízo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes em função das alterações no tecido ósseo, levando à fragilidade mecânica e consequente predisposição a fraturas e dor. Hoje, dispomos de medidas preventivas, do uso de suplementos e de várias drogas aprovadas para terapia farmacológica da osteoporose, no período pós-menopausa, revisadas neste artigo. Essas drogas apresentam características antirreabsortivas (bisfosfonatos, terapia estrogênica, agonistas seletivos dos receptores de estrogênio - SERM -, calcitonina e denozumabe), anabólicas (teriparatida - PTH) ou ambas, simultaneamente (ranelato de estrôncio). A terapia estrogênica (TE) e a terapia com os bisfosfonatos compreendem as primeiras linhas de medicamentos utilizadas para prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose no climatério. Os medicamentos de segunda linha ficam reservados aos casos com evolução desfavorável com uso de TE e/ou bisfosfonatos, ou quando essas pacientes apresentem alguma enfermidade óssea associada (osteoporose secundária), necessitando de tratamento específico. Na falha ou impossibilidade da utilização dos medicamentos de segunda linha podemos utilizar o ranelato de estrôncio ou o denozumabe, pesando que os riscos dessas drogas precisam ser mais bem estudados


Osteoporosis is a disease that can cause a great loss of quality of life of patients according to the changes in bone tissue leading to mechanical fragility and consequent susceptibility to fractures and pain. Today, we offer preventive measures, the use of supplements and several drugs approved for pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis in postmenopausal, reviewed in this article. These drugs have anti resorptive characteristics (bisphosphonates, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators - SERM -, calcitonin and denozumab), anabolic (teriparatide - PTH) or both, simultaneously (strontium ranelate). Estrogen therapy (ET) and therapy with bisphosphonates comprise the first line drugs used for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the climacteric. The second-line drugs are reserved to cases with unfavorable outcome with the use of TE and/or bisphosphonates, or when these patients have a disease associated with bone (secondary osteoporosis), requiring specific treatment. In the failure or inability of use of second-line drugs, we can use the strontium ranelate or denozumab, weighing the risks of these drugs that need to be further studied


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/therapy , Alcoholism/complications , Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Smoking/adverse effects , Estrogen Receptor Modulators/administration & dosage , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Raloxifene Hydrochloride/administration & dosage , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Vitamin D/administration & dosage
11.
Femina ; 40(2)mar.-abr. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-652205

ABSTRACT

A osteoporose é um distúrbio osteometabólico caracterizado pela diminuição da densidade mineral óssea (DMO), com deterioração da microarquitetura óssea, levando a um aumento da fragilidade esquelética e do risco de fraturas, pelo comprometimento da resistência e/ou da qualidade óssea. Sua incidência pode variar de 14 a 29% em mulheres acima de 50 anos e chegar até 73% em mulheres acima de 80 anos. O objetivo do nosso artigo é estudar a osteoporose relacionada ao período pós-menopausa, mas vale ressaltar que os riscos de fraturas em algumas condições independem da quantidade de massa óssea mensurada, e sim da qualidade óssea. Atualmente dispomos de uma ferramenta muito útil, denominada FRAXtm (Fracture Risk Assessement tool), para avaliação do risco de fraturas; por meio dela, é possível calcular a probabilidadede, em dez anos, ocorrer fratura no quadril e em outros sítios, não somente pela quantidade de massa óssea, mas pela associação de outros fatores clínicos de risco. Isso poderá nos ajudar a tomar decisões clínicas quanto à prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose na mulher na pós-menopausa, na nossa prática diária, quando validada para uso no Brasil


Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), with deterioration of bone microarchitecture. It leads to an increase in skeletal fragility and fracture risk, by compromising the strength and/or quality of bone. Its incidence varies from 14 to 29% in women over 50 years and reaches 73% in women over 80 years. The objective of our paper is to study osteoporosis related to post-menopause. But, it is noteworthy that the risk of fractures in some conditions depends on the bone quality. Currently, we have a very useful tool called FRAXtm (Fracture Risk Assessment tool), to evaluate the risk of fractures. The probability to occur hip fracture, or another bone fracture, in ten years is calculated, not only by the amount of bone mass, but by the association of other clinical risk factors. This may help us make clinical decisions about prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in our daily practice, when validated for use in Brazil


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Climacteric/metabolism , Osteoporotic Fractures , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnosis , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Absorptiometry, Photon/methods , Bone Density , Fractures, Bone/physiopathology , Hip Fractures , Mass Screening , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors
12.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 46(2): 139-142, maio-abr. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-592203

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a correlação entre a ultrassonometria (US) do calcâneo e a densitometria (DEXA) em mulheres pós-menopausadas que já apresentavam uma fratura por fragilidade. MÉTODOS: Realizada coorte retrospectiva em 35 mulheres com fraturas osteoporóticas (punho ou coluna), deambulando, acima dos 40 anos, pós-menopausadas, sem tratamento prévio para osteoporose. Dessas, 16 com menos de 60 anos e 19 acima. Foram comparadas a Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) e a Speed of Sound (SOS) com os sítios de DEXA (L1-L4, fêmur total, colo de fêmur e punhos), sendo utilizados dois valores de BUA diferentes como ponto de corte para osteoporose: BUA < 60dB/MHz e BUA < 64dB/MHz, e o SOS < 1.600m/s. O intervalo de confiança foi de 95 por cento. Os valores da DEXA e US foram lançados em um gráfico de dispersão, sendo possível, através de regressão linear, estabelecer correlações. Em seguida, a amostra foi estratificada segundo faixas etárias (até 60 e acima ou igual 60 anos). Desta forma, os valores foram novamente confrontados e correlacionados. RESULTADOS: A melhor correlação obtida entre DEXA e US foi entre o T score do punho e BUA < 64dB/MHz, com sensibilidade de 92 por cento e especificidade de 95 por cento. Foram obtidas melhores sensibilidades em todos os sítios da DEXA quando a US foi realizada em pacientes acima dos 60 anos. O SOS compatível com osteoporose é < 1.592,5m/s (sensibilidade de 89 por cento e especificidade de 85 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: US do calcâneo pode ser utilizada para rastreamento do risco de fratura por osteoporose quando utilizado ponto de corte BUA < 64dB/ MHz, principalmente em pacientes acima dos 60 anos.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between ultrasound (US) measurement on the calcaneus and bone densitometry (DEXA), among postmenopausal women who already presented fragility fractures. METHODS: 35 postmenopausal women over 40 years of age, with the ability to walk and presenting osteoporotic fractures of the wrist or spine, without previous treatment for osteoporosis, were analyzed in a retrospective cohort. Of these, 16 were under 60 and 19 were over 60. The broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) were compared using DEXA (L1-L4, total femur, femoral neck and wrist). Two different values of BUA were used as cutoff points for osteoporosis: BUA < 60 dB/MHz and BUA < 64 dB/MHz (P < 0.05); and SOS < 1600 m/s. The confidence interval was 95 percent. The DEXA and US data were plotted on dispersion graphs and, through linear regression, it was possible to establish correlations. Following this, the sample was stratified according to age (up to 60 years and 60 years and over). Thus, the values were again compared and correlated. RESULTS: The best correlation obtained between DEXA and US was between the T-score of the wrist and BUA < 64 dB/ MHz, with 92 percent sensitivity and 95 percent specificity. Better sensitivity at all DEXA sites was obtained when US was performed on patients over 60 years of age. The SOS compatible with osteoporosis was < 1592.5 m/s (89 percent sensitivity and 85 percent specificity). CONCLUSION: US on the calcaneus can be used for screening the risk of osteoporosis fractures, using a cutoff of BUA < 64 dB/ MHz, especially among patients over 60 years of age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Bone Density , Calcaneus , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Ultrasonography
13.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(2): 200-205, Mar. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-546263

ABSTRACT

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have the ability to bind the estrogen receptor (ER) and are known to confer ER agonist or antagonist effects depending on the target tissue. A number of newer SERMs, including bazedoxifene, lasofoxifene and ospemifene, are currently under clinical development for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for other indications. Although the possibility of developing a single agent that has all of the desired characteristics of an ideal SERM seems to be unlikely, progress in the clinical development of SERMs targeted to the ER suggests that these newer compounds may have attributes that represent an improvement relative to existing SERMs. A new approach to menopausal therapy is the tissue selective estrogen complex or the pairing of a selective estrogen receptor modulator with estrogens. Further investigation will help to clarify relative benefits/risks of novel SERMs in development within specific indications.


Moduladores seletivos do receptor do estrogênio (SERMs) têm a habilidade de se ligar ao receptor de estrogênio (ER) e são conhecidos por conferir um efeito agonista ou antagonista sobre o tecido-alvo. Um número de novos SERMs, incluindo bazedoxifeno, lasofoxifeno e ospemifeno, está atualmente em desenvolvimento clínico para prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose pós-menopausa e para outras indicações. Embora a possibilidade de desenvolver um simples agente que tenha todas as características desejadas de um SERM ideal parece ser pouco provável, esses novos SERMs apresentam propriedades que indicam uma melhora em relação aos SERMs existentes. Uma nova opção terapêutica é o uso do complexo estrogênico do tecido seletivo ou a associação do SERM com estrogênios. Novos estudos ajudarão a rastrear os riscos e benefícios dos novos SERMs em desenvolvimento dentro das suas indicações específicas.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/administration & dosage
14.
Femina ; 38(1)jan. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545645

ABSTRACT

Tibolona é uma substância hormonal, com ação tecido-específica, usada no tratamento de sintomas do climatério e na prevenção de osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Esse trabalho objetivou revisar os efeitos da tibolona no parênquima mamário. Sob ação da tibolona, as atividades da sulfatase que retiram os radicais sulfatos ligados aos estrogênios naturais (estradiol e estrona) estão inibidas. Já as atividades da sulfotransferase que sulfatam os estrogênios naturais estão estimuladas, os inativando. A consequência é o desvio para as formas sulfatadas, que são as formas inativas dos estrogênios. Isto é um efeito direto da tibolona e de seus metabólitos ao nível de parênquima mamário. A tibolona inibe a proliferação de células epiteliais de tecido mamário normal e estimula a apoptose. Estudos clínicos têm mostrado que usuárias de tibolona apresentam menor sensibilidade e dor mamária e não mostram aumento da densidade mamográfica. A relação entre tibolona e risco de câncer de mama é inconclusiva e requer mais investigação


Tibolone is a tissue-specific hormone used for the treatment of climacteric symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. This work aimed at reviewing the effects of tibolone in the breast. Under action of tibolone, sulphatase activities, which take out sulfate binding to natural estrogens (estradiol and estrone) are inhibited. Sulphotransferase actions, which sulfate the natural estrogens are stimulated, inhibiting them. The consequence is the shift to inactive sulfated forms. This is a direct effect of tibolone and its metabolites in the mammary parenchyma level. Tibolone inhibits epithelial cells proliferation of normal breast tissue and stimulates apoptosis. Clinical researches have shown that tibolone users present low breast sensitivity and breast pain and they have not shown an increase in mammographic density. Tibolone and breast cancer risk are inconclusive and require further investigation


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Mammary Glands, Human , Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism , Breast , Breast/metabolism , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Postmenopause , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , Estrogen Replacement Therapy
15.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. 172 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-616663

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar procedimentos gerenciais para o SistemaÚnico de Saúde (SUS) relativos à incorporação e difusão de tecnologias dirigidas à atenção ao problema fratura de fêmur osteoporótica (FFO) em mulheres com 65 anos ou mais. Para isso, tomou-se como base as evidências resultantes da comparação entre as razões de custo-efetividade e de custo-utilidade referentes aos processos,mais e menos efetivos, de assistência ao paciente com FFO e referentes à atençãopreventiva (com anti-osteoporóticos) versus a atenção curativa (atenção à FFO no SUS). O horizonte temporal considerado foi de cinco anos.Foram estabelecidos dois recortes para análise de custo-efetividade/custoutilidade(ACE/ACU). O primeiro recorte refere-se à avaliação de tecnologias deprevenção secundária da FFO, considerando como alternativas de intervenção: 1.Tecnologia de rastreamento de densidade mineral óssea seguida de administração de antiosteoporótico; 2. Suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D sem rastreamento; 3. Não adoção de medidas de prevenção (conduta expectante/tradicional). O segundorecorte refere-se ao tratamento da fratura de fêmur osteoporótica, sendo considerado como alternativas tecnológicas: o tratamento tradicional da FFO realizado no âmbito do SUS e o tratamento da FFO realizado em serviços que apresentem alta efetividade técnica, ou seja, em serviços considerados centros de referência de nível internacional pelas inovações tecnológicas e esforços contínuos de melhoria da efetividade.


Nos resultados da análise de custo-efetividade conduzida para o primeirorecorte, observou-se um custo incremental de R$ 65.700,00 por fratura evitada, considerando a alternativa com melhor relação de custo-efetividade, ou seja, para uma coorte de 1.000 mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, a alternativa deprevenção secundária – suplementação de cálcio associado à vitamina D sem arealização de screening, significaria um custo adicional no SUS de R$328.500,00para evitar 5 fraturas. Para o segundo recorte, quando comparada à alternativa de baixa efetividade, ou seja, tratamento cirúrgico realizado no SUS, a alternativa de alta efetividadetécnica, foi observado um custo incremental de R$ 362,36 por ano de vida salvo e de R$ 141,48 por QALY ganho. Quando comparados os dois recortes, considerando como desfecho anos de vida salvos e QALY ganhos, observou-se que não adotar medida de prevenção secundária e realizar o tratamento da FFO em um serviço de alta efetividade, apresenta-se como mais efetiva e com menor custo. Assim, conclui-se que, considerando as evidências disponíveis e os recortes analisados, o momento maisapropriado para interferir na história natural da fratura de fêmur osteoporótica seria na fase de tratamento e reabilitação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis , Health Care Economics and Organizations/statistics & numerical data , Femoral Fractures/economics , Femoral Fractures/prevention & control , Femoral Fractures/therapy , Health Care Costs , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Women
16.
IRCMJ-Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2009; 11 (2): 222-223
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-91566
17.
Tunisie Medicale [La]. 2009; 87 (6): 380-381
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-134806

ABSTRACT

Bisphosphonates are powerful agents able to prevent bone loss. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of risedronate once a week [35 mg]-compared with risedronate 5 mg once daily in women with osteoporosis. A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study enrolled 102 postmenopausal women aged 66.5_7.5 years with osteoporotic fractures. All women received risedronate during 6 months. Group 1 [G1, n=5 1] received risedronate 5 mg once daily and group 2 [G2, n=51] received 35 mg once a week. Serum alkaline phosphatase [ALP], bone alkaline phosphatase [bone ALP], serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX] were measured at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after treatment in the two groups. We noted no significant difference in markers between women of the 2 groups. After 3 months, bone ALP and CTX decreased [respectively-22.1%and-47.6%] in the 2 groups with no significant difference between them. After 6 months study, bone ALP and CTX decreased respectively by-46.5%and-62.9%with no statistically significant difference between study groups for bone markers. Our study found that treatment with once weekly risedronate 35 mg is able to decrease CTX and bone ALP compared with risedronate 5 mg once daily, in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures. We didn't find adverse events with the 35 mg once-a-week dose group compared to the once-daily dose group. Based on these results, the effects of risedronate 35 mg once a week are similar in efficacy to daily dosing and may lead less adverse events than once-a-month dose. This therapeutic protocol may provide an alternative for patients who prefer once-a-week oral dosing


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Diphosphonates , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method , Bone Density Conservation Agents , Bone and Bones/drug effects , Etidronic Acid/pharmacology
19.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 143(4): 291-296, jul.-ago. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568662

ABSTRACT

de suplementos de calcio (Ca), vitamina D y terapia hormonal de reemplazo (TRH) en mujeres postmenopáusicas (PM) que trabajan en el sector salud. Material y métodos: Durante enero a junio del 2004, se invitó al personal de salud de los Hospitales Generales de Zona del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) de las ciudades de Tijuana y Ensenada del estado de Baja California a participar en una encuesta y una medición de la masa ósea por densitometría periférica. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó la evaluación de variables sociodemográficas y ginecológicas. Se definió un tratamiento preventivo para la osteoporosis (OP) con el uso de TRH y la ingesta de suplementos de Ca (ingesta de Ca ≥ 1000 mg/día) y de vitamina D durante 6 meses consecutivos. Resultados: De 739 mujeres entrevistadas, 312 fueron PM, el 31 % consumía suplementos de Ca, el 25 % vitamina D y otro 31 % TRH. La ingesta de suplementos de Ca, vitamina D y TRH fue similar durante la evolución de la menopausia. Las variables significativas asociadas con el uso de tratamiento preventivo para OP fueron la mayor edad, el bajo peso, el antecedente de oferectomía bilateral y el uso de corticoesteroides. En el análisis multivariado, la edad y el bajo peso se asociaron significativamente con una DMO baja independientemente del uso de tratamiento preventivo para OP. Conclusiones: La frecuencia y el tiempo de consumo de suplementos de Ca, vitamina D y uso de THR fue baja y el 50 % de las mujeres PM del sector salud no estaban con tratamiento preventivo para OP.


OBJECTIVE: To know the frequency and factors associated with the intake of calcium (Ca), vitamin D supplements and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among postmenopausal (PM) health professionals women. METHODS: During January to June 2004, health workers women of IMSS General Hospitals in Tijuana and Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, were invited to participate. An interview and measurement of calcaneous bone mineral density (BMD) were performed. The following variables were assessed: sociodemographic, clinic and gynecologic features. We defined preventive osteoporosis (OP) treatment as the use of HRT, intake of Ca supplements (> or =1000 mg/ day) and supplements of vitamin D for a least six months. RESULTS: Among 739 women interviewed, 312 were PM, and 31%, 25% and 31% have been taking Ca supplements, vitamin D, and HRT respectively. Calcium, vitamin D supplements intake and use of HTR was similar during the menopause evolution. The variables significantly associated with the use of preventive OP treatment were older age, low weight, previous ooferectomy and use of corticosteroids. In the multivariate analysis, age and underweight were significantly associated with a low bone mass density, independently of the use of preventive OP treatment CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and length of time of Ca, vitamin D supplements intake and use of HRT was low, and 50% of PM health professional women are not under preventive OP therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Calcium/administration & dosage , Dietary Supplements , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Health Personnel , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Age Factors , Body Weight , Bone Density , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Interviews as Topic , Multivariate Analysis , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors
20.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(6): 938-942, ago. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464285

ABSTRACT

Embora a reposição estrogênica esteja disponível há mais de 6 décadas, as mulheres e mesmo os profissionais da saúde estão confusos pelas opiniões divergentes em relação aos riscos e benefícios da terapia hormonal na menopausa (THM), estrogênica (TE) ou estro-progestagênica (TEP). A principal indicação para terapêutica hormonal na menopausa é o alívio dos sintomas menopausais, tais como sintomas vasomotores, alterações gênito-urinárias e a prevenção de osteoporose nas pacientes de risco. Em outras áreas de pesquisa, principalmente ao que se refere aos efeitos nos sistemas cardiovasculares e nervoso central, os resultados atuais na literatura são conflitivos. O tratamento por mais de 5 anos não adiciona risco significativo para câncer de mama, mas diminui significativamente o risco de fratura osteoporótica. Algumas mulheres podem ser susceptíveis a risco tromboembólico precoce, mas quando a TH for adequada após avaliação individualizada, os benefícios superam os riscos e o tratamento deve ser recomendado. Estudos futuros são necessários para identificar novas indicações para TH e diminuir ou abolir seus riscos. A pesquisa clínica continua na identificação de fatores genéticos que possam influenciar a resposta individual à TH, diferentes formulações estrogênicas, diferentes vias de administração e liberação, além das opções de dose. Nas mulheres que apresentam os sintomas da síndrome climatérica de forma severa durante a peri e pós-menopausa já existem evidências conclusivas oriundas de vários estudos randomizados controlados de que a TH é a única terapia com resultados satisfatórios. Os médicos devem sempre fazer suas decisões terapêuticas com base nos riscos e benefícios individuais de cada paciente, tendo a responsabilidade e o dever de promover as condições para a mulher atravessar a transição menopáusica com qualidade de vida.


Although estrogen has been clinically available for more than 6 decades, women have been confused by different opinions regarding the risks and benefits of menopausal hormone therapy (HT), estrogen therapy (ET), and estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT). The main indication for HT use in postmenopausal women remains the relief of vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy, and is effective in the prevention of osteoporosis. In other areas of research, notably in cardiovascular and central nervous system effects, the recent literature has produced conflicting results. Treatment for up to 5 years does not add significantly to lifetime risk of breast cancer, but significantly decreases bone loss and risk of osteoporotic fractures. Some women may be susceptible to early thrombotic risk, but when appropriate HT is given after individual clinical evaluation, the benefits will far outweigh any potential risks and the treatment should be recommended. Clinical research continues into genetic factors influencing the response to ET/HT, different estrogen formulations, different modes of delivery and lower-dose options. Patients and clinicians should make treatment decisions on the basis of an individuals needs and risks, and should enhance a womans ability to undergo the menopausal transition with minimal disruption to her quality of life. In women experiencing distressing climacteric symptoms during the peri and postmenopause there is conclusive evidence from abundant randomized controlled trials that systemic hormone therapy (HT) of any type affords symptom relief, with no alternative treatment producing similar effect. Future research is needed to identify new indications for HRT and to diminish or abolish its potential risks.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Progesterone/therapeutic use , Progestins/therapeutic use , Risk Factors
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